In our research group, we study how plants adapt to environmental stresses, particularly to herbivory. We combine high-throughput sequencing approaches with experimental evolution, metabolic profiling, and genetic manipulation to elucidate the genetic, epigenetic, and physiological bases of plant adaptation using duckweeds as a model system. Furthermore, we use the acquired methods to transform duckweeds into a green biofactories to produce high-value metabolites in plants. Through these studies, we will improve our conceptual understanding of plant defense and explore potential industrial applications.